Hatshepsut How She Became a Female Pharaoh of Egypt

Hatshepsut was a pharaoh (ruler) of Egypt, one of  very few women to hold that title. A major temple in her honor was built at Deir el-Bahri (Dayru l-Bahri) near Thebes. We know Hatshepsut mostly through references to her during her lifetime that were meant to reinforce her power. We dont have the sort of personal biographical material that we might have for more recent women of history: letters from the woman herself or from those who knew her, for instance. She was lost from history for many years, and scholars have had different theories about when to date her reign. Hatshepsut was  born about 1503 BCE. She reigned from about 1473 to 1458 BCE (the dates are not certain).   She was part of the Eighteenth Dynasty, New Kingdom. Family Hatshepsut was the daughter of Thutmose I and Ahmose. Thutmose I was the third pharaoh in Egypts 18th Dynasty, and was likely the son of Amenhotep I and Senseneb, a minor wife or concubine. Ahmose was the Great Royal Wife of Thutmose I; she may have been a sister or daughter of Amenhotep I. Three children, including Hapshetsup, are associated with her. Hatshepsut married her half-brother Thutmose II, whose father was Thutmose I and mother was Mutnofret. As Great Royal Wife of Thutmose II, Hatshepsut bore him one daughter, Neferure, one of three known offspring of Thutmose II. Thutmose II Thutmose III, son of Thutmose II and a minor wife, Iset, became the Pharaoh on the death of Thutmose II, who ruled for about 14 years. Thutmose III was likely very young (estimated between 2 and 10 years old), and Hatshepsut, his stepmother and aunt, became his regent. Hatshepsut as King Hatshepsut claimed, during her reign, that her father had intended her to be a co-heir with her husband. She gradually assumed the titles, powers and even the ceremonial clothing and beard of a male Pharaoh, claiming legitimacy through a divine birth, even calling herself a female Horus. She was formally crowned as king in about year 7 of her co-reign with Thutmose III. Senenmut, the Advisor Senenmut, an architect, became a key advisor and powerful official under the reign of Hatshepsut. The relationship between Hatshepsut and Senenmut is debated; he was given unusual honors for a palace official. He died before the end of her reign and was not buried in the tombs (2) which had been built for him, leading to speculation on his role and his fate. Military Campaigns The records of Hatshepsuts reign claim that she led military campaigns against several foreign lands including Nubia and Syria. The mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut at Deir el-Bahri records a trading expedition in Hatshepsuts name to Punt, a legendary land thought by some to be Eritrea and argued by others to be Uganda, Syria, or other lands. This trip was dated to the 19th year of her rule. Thutmose IIIs Rule Thutmose III eventually became sole Pharaoh, presumably on the death of Hatshepsut when she was 50 years old. Thutmose III was general of the army before Hatshepsuts disappearance. Thutmose III is probably responsible for the destruction of many of Hatshepsuts statues and images, at least 10 and probably 20 years after she died.    Scholars have debated how Hatshepsut died. Finding Hatshepsuts Mummy In June 2007, the Discovery Channel and Dr. Zahi Hawass, head of Egypts Supreme Council of Antiquities, announced a positive identification of a mummy as Hatshepsuts, and a documentary, Secrets of Egypts Lost Queen.   Egyptologist  Dr. Kara Cooney was also involved in the documentary. Many of these details are still being debated by scholars. Places:  Egypt, Thebes, Karnak, Luxor, Deir el-Bahri (Deir el Bahari, Dayru l-Bahri) Hatshepsut also known as:  Hatchepsut, Hatshepset, Hatshepsowe, Queen Hatshepsut, Pharaoh Hatshepsut Bibliography Cooney, Kara.   The Woman Who Would Be King. 2014.  Robins, Gay. Women in Ancient Egypt. 1993.  Tyldesley, Joyce. Hatchepsut, the Female Pharaoh. 1996.  Andronik, Catherine M., and Fiedler, Joseph Daniel. Hatshepsut, His Majesty, Herself. 2001. Ages 9-12.Carter, Dorothy Sharp; illustrated by Michele Chessare. His Majesty, Queen Hatshepsut. 1987. Young Adult.

What Strategies Can Work For A Business Culture Where...

What Strategies Can Organizations Use to Address Gender Inequality in the Workplace? Managers should be mindful of assuming that women have greater family-work inconsistencies than men, and that this can impact their views of women’s suitability for promotions. Companies should make an effort to create a business culture where family diversity is respected and valued. Companies that permit the family-work conflict bias to exist stand the chance of being looked upon by outsiders as discriminatory (Hoobler, 2011). Organizations must be trained to identify and value gender variations. Performance evaluations and promotion choices should be based on a person’s performance at work and not linked to possible family-work issues. Organizations including recruiters and management can implement the following techniques to promote gender equality in the workplace: 1. Increase people’s awareness of the psychological drivers of prejudice toward female leaders, and work to dispel those perceptions. 2. Change the long-hours norm. 3. Reduce the subjectivity of performance evaluation 4. Use-open-recruitment tools, such as advertising and employment agencies, rather than relying on informal social networks and referrals to fill positions. 5. Ensure a critical mass of women in executive positions—not just one or two women—to head off the problems that come with tokenism. 6. Prepare women for line management with appropriately demanding assignments. 7. Establish family-friendly human resourcesShow MoreRelatedToday, More Than Ever, There Is A Growing Need Within Our1690 Words   |  7 Pageshelping others develop their own sense of character. This type of visionary leadership is particularly needed in schools, as we must make sure that future generations can empathize with others and take the necessary actions to defend those who need assistance. 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Analysis of the Character “Sammy” free essay sample

Sammy realizes that life isn’t always fair and that sometimes it involves the consequences that life can deal to anyone who has not had time to test a rash decision. Updike’s story illustrates that a part of growing up is a willingness to accept consequences of one’s choices, and that lifes hardest lessons are sometimes learned a little too late. This story represents a coming-of-age for Sammy, as seen through his evaluations of the costumers as the story develops. Though it takes place over the period of a few minutes, it represents a much larger process of Sammy’s growth. From the time the girls enter the grocery store, to the moment they leave, you can see changes in Sammy. At first, he only notices the physical appearance of the girls:   how they look and what they are wearing, seem to be his only thoughts. As the story progresses, he notices the interactions between the girls, and he even determines the hierarchy among them: â€Å"She was the queen. We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of the Character â€Å"Sammy† or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page She kind of led them, the other two peeking and making their shoulders round. She didn’t look around, not this queen, she just walked straight on slowly, on these long white prima-donna legs† (Updike 132). He observes their actions and how they affect the other customers of the grocery store. Rather, how the other people view the girls actions. His thought process is maturing and he starts to see things as an adult might see them, in some ways preparing him for the results of the decision that he will soon make. From the beginning of the story, it is clear that Sammy in no way likes his job, nor is he fond of the customers and people he is surrounded by each day. To Sammy, they are nothing more than â€Å"sheep† going through the motions f life. â€Å"I bet you could set off dynamite in an Aamp;P and the people would by and large keep reaching and checking oatmeal off their lists and muttering. Let me see, there was a third thing, began with A, asparagus, no, ah, yes, applesauce! ’ or whatever it was they do mutter† (Updike 133). He views them negatively; to him they are boring and useless, living mundane and unimportant lives and its obvious through Sammys portray al of them that he doesnt want to ever become one of them, nor does he want to be around them any longer. Besides Sammy, it seems that the other workers at Aamp;P feel the same way the about the job being boring as he does, simply by the way they react to the arrival of the three unique teenage girls. Granted the only people working in the store are men, they still find the arrival of the girls to be extremely exciting and an event worth waiting for. â€Å"The store’s pretty empty, it being Thursday afternoon, so there was nothing much to do except lean on the register and wait for the girls show up again† (Updike 133). They take pleasure in the visit from the girls, and when they do arrive, Sammy makes it clear that he is not the only one captivated by them; McMahon at the meat counter is seen â€Å"sizing up their joints† (Updike 134) and Stokesie expresses a constant fixation with the girls as well, which he shares with Sammy the first time they come into the store. It also becomes clear that Sammy wants to know more about them through his fixation with them, which may add to the reason he wanted to quit; he hoped to captivate their attention and gain their praise. However, Sammy quitting is more for himself that the girls in the long run, after all if it was really for the girls he wouldve ceased quitting the moment the girls rushed out. However he proceeds even with the negative aspects attached. â€Å" ‘Sammy, you don’t want to do this to your Mam and Dad,’ he tells me. It’s true, I don’t. But it seems to me that once you begin a gesture it’s fatal not to go through with it† (Updike 195). Even though he knows this will be difficult for his family he continues to quit. On one hand, he is being mature by not backing down and changing his mind once he realizes the girls are gone, because he is right in that, when you make decisions you must follow through with them. On the other hand however his decision to quit was thoughtless, drastic, and an immature one to begin with. Sammy starts to feel, for the first time, that there is something out there that is better. He is ready to go find it. When he decides to quit his job, hastily as it may be, he is making the choice to be an individual, to venture into the unknown. It is something that he knows he has to do, so he does have some hesitation in â€Å"removing the apron† (Updike 135). Once it has been removed, he knows that he cannot put it back on. This symbolizes his acceptance of having to move on in life. When the manager makes reference to Sammys decision and in its effect on his parents, it is a representation of Sammys coming-of-age. This may be a lesson for Sammy in which he learns from and gains some maturity; he learns that there are consequences and positives to every situation and it is his responsibility to deal with them as they arise.